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Views: 399 Author: Anna Publish Time: 2025-10-09 Origin: Site
A 400G optical module, also known as a 400G optical transceiver, converts electrical signals into optical signals at the transmitting end, which are then transmitted via optical fiber. At the receiving end, the optical signals are converted back into electrical signals. They are primarily used for the conversion of electrical and optical signals in optical communications. Optical modules are very small and are generally used in servers, switches, routers, and wireless base stations across various network architectures.
Currently, the main package types for 400G optical modules include CDFP, CFP8, QSFP-DD, and OSFP.
CDFP was the first 400G optical module to be released, and has reached version 3.0 since 2014.
CFP8 is an extension of CFP4, increasing the number of channels to 8 and the size accordingly. Using 16 25G parallel signals is crucial for the rapid launch and application of 400G products. QSFP-DD is backward compatible with the previous QSFP-28 and is currently the most popular type. It offers the smallest size and highest density, making it particularly suitable for short-distance data center use.
OSFP is a new 400G optical module type. It is significantly smaller than CFP8 but slightly larger than QSFP-DD. It features eight high-speed electrical channels and still supports 32 OSFP ports per 1U front panel, enabling 12.8 Tbps per 1U. It features an integrated heat sink, significantly improving heat dissipation and enabling up to 15W module power in switch chassis with traditional airflow.
With increasing data center bandwidth, increased storage demands, and faster server access port speeds, optical modules are increasingly required to efficiently exchange massive amounts of information between data centers. Currently, 400G optical modules offer a transmission rate of 400G, a fourfold increase over 100G modules. They can maximize data center bandwidth and port density, becoming a key solution for data center network interconnection. 400G optical transceiver applications in data centers are generally categorized into the following four scenarios based on transmission distance:
<20m is primarily used for interconnecting servers and TOR switches within a cabinet. Currently, data rates are primarily 10G and 25G, with a transition to 50G or 100G. Direct connections can generally be made using active optical cables (AOCs) or DACs.
<500m is primarily used for interconnecting leaf and spine switches within the same data center room. Currently, data rates are primarily 40G and 100G, with a transition to 400G. Short-distance transmissions under 100m primarily utilize 850nm multimode (MM) fiber. Distances between 100m and 500m typically utilize 1310nm single-mode (SM) fiber, primarily using parallel single-mode (PSM) technology for cost considerations.
<10km is primarily used for interconnecting switches or routers between buildings in a data center. Currently, data rates are primarily 100G, with a transition to 400G underway. In this scenario, transmission distances are long, and fiber costs are a significant factor. Therefore, wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology is often used to transmit multiple signals on a single fiber. For 100G speeds, Tailu Communications offers 100G LR4 optical modules. For distances between 500m and 2km, Tailu Communications' 100G PSM4 optical modules can also be used.
>10km is primarily used for interconnection (DCI) between multiple data centers. Currently, 100G+DWDM (dense wavelength division multiplexing) is the primary implementation method. For 100G speeds, Tailu Communications offers 100G LR4, 100G ER4, and 100G ZR4 optical modules, depending on the distance between data centers.
