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SFP (Small Form Factor Pluggable) is a compact, hot-swappable transceiver module that converts electrical signals into optical signals (and vice versa), enabling long-distance communication between devices. One of the main advantages of SFP modules is their hot-swappable nature, which allows them to be inserted or removed without powering down network devices.
With the expansion of data centres and with the advent of the AI era, the demand of data transmission is growing unabated. As one kind of network communication technology with stable performance, the 10 Gigabit copper interface has been a valuable choice for data transmission:
In 2026, big data has permeated our lives. We watch high-definition videos online, use AI to help us work and live, store data in the cloud, and use intelligent driving functions in vehicles. Behind each of these applications, massive amounts of data are rapidly traversing between nodes in data centers, metropolitan area networks, and backbone networks. The data connections between these nodes rely on optical modules. Optical modules perform photoelectric conversion, transforming electrical signals into optical signals suitable for long-distance transmission, enabling long-distance, low-latency data transmission.
The 100G QSFP28 optical transceiver is crafted for 100 Gigabit Ethernet, EDR InfiniBand, or 32G Fibre Channel applications. Sporting a footprint akin to the 40G QSFP+, the QSFP28 operates on four channels of high-speed data rates at 25Gbps per channel to deliver 100Gbps. Compared to 100G CFP/CFP2/CFP4, QSFP28 100G optics surpass them with the strong ability to increase density, lower power consumption, and reduced price per bit.
The previous generation of data centers—deployed prior to the advent of AI computing—were predominantly built upon 100G networks. Within the business scenarios prevalent at the time—including virtualization, container orchestration, and distributed storage—100G was entirely sufficient, presenting no concerns regarding bandwidth bottlenecks. However, the sudden emergence of ChatGPT in 2022 marked the dawn of the "AI Era" and fundamentally transformed the landscape. The massive data demands generated by AI training proved utterly unsupportable by traditional 100G networks; this colossal demand has subsequently driven the further evolution of optical modules toward higher speeds and lower power consumption.
